Long- and Short-Chain Plant-Produced Bacterial N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactones Become Components of Phyllosphere, Rhizosphere, and Soil

Long- and Short-Chain Plant-Produced Bacterial N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactones Become Components of Phyllosphere, Rhizosphere, and Soil

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Two N-acyl-homoserine lactone (acyl-HSL) synthase genes, lasI from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and yenI from Yersinia enterocolitica, were introduced into click here tobacco, individually and in combination.Liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry and thin-layer chromatography confirmed products of lasI and yenI activity in single and cotransformants.Cotransformants expressing plastid-localized LasI and YenI synthases produced the major acyl-HSLs for each synthase in all tissues tested.Total acyl-HSL signals accumulated in leaf tissue up to 3 pmol/mg of fresh weight, half as much in stem tissue, and approximately 10-fold less in root tissues.Acyl-HSLs were present in aqueous leaf washes from greenhouse-grown transgenic plants.

Transgenic lines grown for 14 days under axenic conditions produced detectable levels of acyl-HSLs in root exudates.Ethyl acetate extractions of rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soil from transgenically grown plants contained active acyl-HSLs, whereas plant-free soil or rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soil from wild-type plants lacked detectable amounts of acyl-HSLs.This work shows that bioactive acyl-HSLs are exuded from leaves and roots and accumulate seattle seahawks socks in the phytosphere of plants engineered to produce acyl-HSLs.These data further suggest that plants that are bioengineered to synthesize acyl-HSLs can foster beneficial plant-bacteria communications or deter deleterious interactions.Therefore, it is feasible to use bioengineered plants to supplement soils with specific acyl-HSLs to modulate bacterial phenotypes and plant-associated bacterial community structures.